Ética, Ciência e Inovação

1. Huether G, Poeggeler B, Reimer A et al. Effects of tryptophan
administration on circulating melatonin levels in chicks
and rats: evidence for stimulation of melatonin synthesis and
release in the gastrointestinal tract. Life Sci 1992; 51:945–953.
2. Bubenik GA. Localization, physiological significance and
possible clinical implication of gastrointestinal melatonin. Biol
Signals Recept 2001; 10:350–366.
3. Tan DX, Machester LC, Reiter RJ et al. High physiological
levels of melatonin in the bile of mammals. Life Sci 1999;
65:2523–2529.
4. Stefulj J, Horner M, Ghosh M et al. Gene expression of the
key enzymes in melatonin synthesis in extrapineal tissues in the
rat. J Pineal Res 2001; 30:243–247.
5. Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeggeler B et al. Melatonin: a potent
endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocrine J 1993;
1:57–60.
6. Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Burkhard S. Reactive oxygen and
nitrogen species and cellular and organism decline: amelioration
with melatonin. Mech Ageing Dev 2002; 123:1007–1019.
7. Cruz A, Padillo FJ, Tunez I et al. Melatonin protects
against renal oxidative stress after obstructive jaundice. Eur J
Pharmacol 2001; 425:135–139.
8. Fulia F, Gitto E, Cuzzorea S et al. Increased levels of
malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate in the blood of asphyxiated
newborns: reduction by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2001;
31:343–349.
9. Okatani Y, Wakatsuki A, Shonohara K et al. Melatonin
protects against oxidative mitochondrial damage induced by
rat placenta by ischemia and reperfusion. J Pineal Res 2001;
31:173–178.
10. Brzozowski T, Konturek PCh, Konturek SJ et al. The role
of melatonin and l-tryptophan in prevention of acute gastric
lesions induced by stress, ethanol, ischemia and aspirin.
J Pineal Res 1997; 23:79–89.
11. Karbownik M, Gitto E, Lewinski A et al. Induction of lipid
peroxidation in hamster organs by the carcinogen cadmium;
melioration by melatonin. Cell Biol Toxicol 2001; 17:33–40.
12. Okatani Y, Wakatsuki A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin protects
hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain acting in senescenseaccelerated
mice. J Pineal Res 2002; 32:143–148.
13. Pappolla MA, Simovich MJ, Bryant-Thomas T et al. The
neuroprotective activities of melatonin against the Alzheimer
beta-protein are not mediated by melatonin membrane receptor.
J Pineal Res 2002; 32:135–142.
14. Lissoni P. Modulation of anti-cancer IL-2and IL-12by
melatonin and the other pineal indoles 5-metoxytryptamineand

5-metoxytryptophol in the treatment of human neoplasm.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 917:560–567.
15. Sharma M, Gupta YK. Effect of chronic treatment of melatonin
on learning, memory and oxidative deficiencies induced
by intracerebroventricular streptozocin in rats. Pharmacol
Biochem Behav 2001; 70:325–331.
16. Cabeza J, Motilva V, Martin MJ et al. Mechanisms
involved in gastric protection of melatonin against oxidant
stress by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Life Sci 2001; 968:1405–
1415.
17. Sewerynek E, Abe M, Reiter RJ et al. Melatonin administration
prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage
in phenobarbital-treated rats. J Cell Biolchem 1995; 58:436–
444.
18. Fjareli O, Lund T, Osterund B. The effect of melatonin on
cellular activation processes in human blood. J Pineal Res
1999; 26:50–55.
19. Barlow-Walden LR, Reiter RJ, Abe M et al. Melatonin
stimulates brain glutatione peroxidase activity. Neurochem Int
1995; 26:497–502.
20. Garcia J, Reiter RJ, Pie J et al. Role of pinole and melatonin
in stabilizing hepatic microsomal membranes against oxidative
stress. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1999; 31:609–616.
21. Garcia-Maurino S, Pozo D, Calvo JR et al. Correlation
between nuclear melatonin receptor expression and enhanced
cytokine production in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell
lines. J Pineal Res 2000; 29:129–137.
22. Kuhlwein E, Irwin M. Melatonin modulation of lymphocyte
proliferation and Th1/Th2cytokine expression. J Neuroimmunol
2001; 117:51–57.
23. Da¸ browski A, Konturek SJ, Konturek JW, Gabryelewicz
A. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of caeruleininduced
pancreatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 377:1–11.
24. Czako L, Takacs T, Varga I et al. Involvement of oxygenderived
free radicals in l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis.
Dig Dis Sci 1998; 4:1770–1777.